Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the malignant diseases with a poor five-year survival rate. Platinum-based regimen is the major treatment option for patients with UC. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors had been demonstrated anti-tumor activity in UC. Avelumab is an anti–PD-L1 antibody that has been approved with first-line maintenance treatment in UC followed the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial.
